@article {250,
	title = {Measurement of Arterial Input Function in Hyperpolarized C-13 Studies},
	journal = {Applied Magnetic Resonance},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Appl Magn Reson974GTTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:16},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {289-297},
	abstract = {<p>Recently, hyperpolarized substrates generated through dynamic nuclear polarization have been introduced to study in vivo metabolism. Injection of hyperpolarized [1-C-13] pyruvate, the most widely used substrate, allows detection of time courses of [1-C-13] pyruvate and its metabolic products, such as [1-C-13] lactate and C-13-bicarbonate, in various organs. However, quantitative metabolic modeling of in vivo data to measure specific metabolic rates remains challenging without measuring the input function. In this study, we demonstrate that the input function of [1-C-13] pyruvate can be measured in vivo in the rat carotid artery using an implantable coil.</p>
},
	keywords = {kinetics},
	isbn = {0937-9347},
	doi = {Doi 10.1007/S00723-012-0348-3},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000306421200024},
	author = {Marjanska, M. and Teisseyre, T. Z. and Halpern-Manners, N. W. and Zhang, Y. and Iltis, I. and Bajaj, V. and Ugurbil, K. and Pines, A. and Henry, P. G.}
}
@article {265,
	title = {Magnetic resonance imaging of oscillating electrical currents},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2010},
	note = {P Natl Acad Sci USA595DPTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:47},
	month = {May 11},
	pages = {8519-8524},
	abstract = {<p>Functional MRI has become an important tool of researchers and clinicians who seek to understand patterns of neuronal activation that accompany sensory and cognitive processes. However, the interpretation of fMRI images rests on assumptions about the relationship between neuronal firing and hemodynamic response that are not firmly grounded in rigorous theory or experimental evidence. Further, the blood-oxygen-level-dependent effect, which correlates an MRI observable to neuronal firing, evolves over a period that is 2 orders of magnitude longer than the underlying processes that are thought to cause it. Here, we instead demonstrate experiments to directly image oscillating currents by MRI. The approach rests on a resonant interaction between an applied rf field and an oscillating magnetic field in the sample and, as such, permits quantitative, frequency-selective measurements of current density without spatial or temporal cancellation. We apply this method in a current loop phantom, mapping its magnetic field and achieving a detection sensitivity near the threshold required for the detection of neuronal currents. Because the contrast mechanism is under spectroscopic control, we are able to demonstrate how ramped and phase-modulated spin-lock radiation can enhance the sensitivity and robustness of the experiment. We further demonstrate the combination of these methods with remote detection, a technique in which the encoding and detection of an MRI experiment are separated by sample flow or translation. We illustrate that remotely detected MRI permits the measurement of currents in small volumes of flowing water with high sensitivity and spatial resolution.</p>
},
	keywords = {nerve},
	isbn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {Doi 10.1073/Pnas.1003146107},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000277591200008},
	author = {Halpern-Manners, N. W. and Bajaj, V. S. and Teisseyre, T. Z. and Pines, A.}
}
